Moving to Greece: A Complete Guide to Visas, Residency, and Citizenship

Greece, with its stunning landscapes, rich history, and fabulous Greek Islands along with a Mediterranean lifestyle, is a dream destination for many. However, moving to Greece from North America involves more than just packing your bags and booking a flight.

Greece is an increasingly popular destination for those looking to relocate, whether for work, retirement, or investment. With its rich history, stunning landscapes, and attractive residency programs, Greece offers several options for those looking to establish long term residence.

It is possible with the right kind of investment for Americans who want to move to Greece. It is even possible for British folks after Brexit to also be able to move to Greece. This guide will walk you through the process of moving to Greece, including visa options, residence permits, required documents, and frequently asked questions.

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Pros of Moving to Greece

Stunning Natural Beauty and Climate

Greece is famous for its breathtaking landscapes, from the turquoise waters of the Aegean Sea to the rugged mountains of the mainland. The country enjoys a Mediterranean climate, with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. For those who love sunshine and outdoor activities, Greece is an ideal destination.

Rich History and Culture

As the cradle of Western civilization, Greece is steeped in history and culture. Ancient ruins, such as the Acropolis in Athens and the Palace of Knossos in Crete, offer a glimpse into the past. The country also boasts a vibrant contemporary culture.

Affordable Cost of Living

Compared to many North American cities, Greece has a relatively low cost of living . Housing, groceries, and dining out are generally more affordable, making it an attractive option for retirees and digital nomads.

The cost of living in Greece is lower than in many North American cities, but it can vary significantly depending on the location. Athens and popular islands like Mykonos and Santorini tend to be more expensive, while smaller towns and rural areas are more affordable.

Groceries, dining out, and utilities are generally cheaper, but imported goods and electronics can be more expensive.

Laid Back Lifestyle

The Greek lifestyle is known for its relaxed pace. The concept of “sigasiga” (slowly slowly) permeates daily life, encouraging people to take their time and enjoy the moment. This can be a refreshing change for those accustomed to the fast paced lifestyle of North America.

Friendly and Hospitable People

Greeks are known for their warmth and hospitality. Expats often find it easy to make friends and integrate into the local community.

Cultural Adaptation and Greek Culture

Greeks are known for their hospitality, but cultural differences can still pose challenges. The laidback lifestyle and slower pace of bureaucracy may require some adjustment.

Learning Greek, even at a basic level, can greatly enhance your experience and help you integrate into the community.

Greek Cuisine

Greek food is a celebration of delicious food that creates a healthy lifestyle with its Mediterranean diet. Greek grocery stores sell fresh, vibrant ingredients and centuriesold culinary traditions. Mediterranean flavors dominate the cuisine, with olive oil, fresh vegetables, herbs, seafood, and grilled meats playing a central role.

Dishes like moussaka, souvlaki, and spanakopita are beloved worldwide, while Greek salads, feta cheese, and tzatziki showcase simple yet delicious combinations. Desserts like baklava and loukoumades add a sweet touch, often paired with Greek coffee or ouzo.

Archaeological sites and tourist attractions 

Greece is a treasure trove of archaeological sites and tourist attractions, offering a glimpse into its rich ancient history and stunning natural beauty. The Acropolis of Athens, crowned by the iconic Parthenon, is a must see, showcasing classical Greek architecture.

Nearby, the Ancient Agora and Temple of Olympian Zeus further highlight Athens’ historical significance. Delphi, once considered the center of the world, features the Sanctuary of Apollo and the Delphic Oracle, while Olympia is the birthplace of the Olympic Games, with its ancient stadium and temples.  

The Greek Islands

The Greek islands also boast remarkable sites. The most popular tourist destinations include: Santorini  famous for its breathtaking sunsets, whitewashed buildings, and made for great Honeymoons. The ancient Minoan city of Akrotiri, preserved in volcanic ash. There’s Mykonos, Corfu, Paros (Cyclades), Chania on the Island of Crete and Naxos with their beautiful beaches. Or why not go sailing through the Med?

Crete is home to the Palace of Knossos, a major center of the Minoan civilization. Rhodes features the medieval Old Town and the Palace of the Grand Master, while Delos, a UNESCO site, is an open air museum with ruins of temples, theaters, and mosaics.

Cons of Moving to Greece

Economic Instability

Greece has faced significant economic challenges in recent years, including a debt crisis and high unemployment rates. While the situation has improved, economic instability can still impact job opportunities and public services.

Bureaucracy – the Greek Government

Greek bureaucracy can be frustrating and time consuming. Processes such as obtaining visas, setting up utilities, and dealing with government offices often involve extensive paperwork and long wait times.

The Greek Language Barrier

While many Greeks speak English, especially in tourist areas, learning Greek is essential for full integration. The language can be challenging for English speakers, but making the effort to learn can greatly enhance your experience.

Limited Job Opportunities

The job market in Greece is competitive, particularly for non EU citizens. Learning Greek and having specialized skills can improve your chances of finding employment.

Banking

Opening a bank account in Greece is relatively straightforward, but you will need your passport, proof of address, and possibly a residency permit. Some banks may require a minimum deposit.

Be prepared for potential language barriers and bureaucratic hurdles when dealing with banks.

Health Insurance

Greece has a public healthcare system, but it may not cover all services for expats. Many North Americans opt for private health insurance and private hospitals to ensure comprehensive coverage.

 Health Insurance in Greece for EU and Non EU Citizens

When moving to Greece, having valid health insurance is mandatory for most long-term visas (Type D, Golden Visa, Digital Nomad Visa, etc.). Below is a detailed breakdown of healthcare insurance options, costs, and requirements for expats. 

Public Healthcare (EOPYY – Greek National Health System) 

 Who Can Access It? 

– EU citizens with an EHIC (European Health Insurance Card) or S1 form. 

– Non-EU expats with a Greek Social Security Number (AMKA) and legal residency. 

How to Enroll? 

1. Get an AMKA (Greek Social Security Number) at a local KEP (Citizen Service Center). 

2. Register with EOPYY (if employed, your employer handles this). 

Costs: 

– Employed workers: ~16% of salary (split between employer & employee). 

– Self-employed: ~6.95% of declared income (minimum ~€30/month). 

– Pensioners: Free if transferring EU pension rights (S1 form). 

Coverage: 

– Free or low-cost doctor visits, hospital care, and prescriptions. 

– Limitations: Long wait times, limited English-speaking doctors. 

Private Health Insurance (Mandatory for Non-EU Expats) 

Most visa applicants (Golden Visa, Digital Nomad, etc.) must show private health insurance covering €30,000+ in Greece. 

Best Insurance Providers for Expats: 

Allianz Greece -Comprehensive (inpatient/outpatient) -€100–€300 -Long-term residents –

-Cigna Global -Worldwide coverage -€150–€400 -Digital nomads, retirees –

-AXA Greece -Basic to premium plans -€50–€200 -Budget-conscious expats –

-Foyer Global Health -Schengen-compliant -€80–€250 -Golden Visa applicants –

-SafetyWing -Nomad insurance -€40–€100 -Short-term stays –

What’s Typically Covered? 

Hospitalization 

Emergency care 

Prescriptions (partial) 

Some outpatient visits (varies by plan) 

What’s Usually NOT Covered? 

Pre-existing conditions (without extra fee) 

Dental & vision (unless premium plan) 

Alternative medicine 

Special Cases (Golden Visa, Digital Nomads, Retirees) 

Golden Visa Applicants 

– Requirement: Private insurance covering €30,000+ in Greece. 

– Recommended: Allianz or Foyer (Schengen-compliant). 

– Cost: ~€600–€1,200/year. 

Digital Nomad Visa 

– Minimum Coverage: €30,000, valid in Greece. 

– Best Option: Cigna Global or SafetyWing (flexible, global). 

– Cost: €500–€1,500/year. 

Retirees (Non-EU) 

– Requirement: Proof of insurance for residency. 

– Best Option: AXA or Allianz (long-term stability). 

– Cost: €1,000–€3,000/year (age-dependent). 

Emergency & Travel Insurance (Short-Term Stays) 

If you’re waiting for residency, consider: 

– ERV EuroTravel (€30–€50/month, Schengen-compliant). 

– HanseMerkur (€1–€5/day, covers emergencies). 

Estimated Annual Health Insurance Costs in Greece 

-Basic (visa compliance) -500 -800 -1,500 –

-Comprehensive (full medical) -1,000 -1,800 -3,000+ –

-Family of 4 -2,500 -4,000 -6,000+ –

Final Tips 

– EU citizens: Use EHIC temporarily, then register for EOPYY. 

– Non-EU expats: Private insurance is mandatory—compare plans before applying. 

– Pre-existing conditions: Disclose them early; some insurers charge extra. 

EU/EEA citizens can access Greek healthcare through:  

European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) – Covers emergency and necessary medical care for short stays.  

S1 Form (Ex UK Citizens) – If you’re a UK pensioner or receiving certain UK benefits, you may still qualify for an S1 (formerly E), allowing you to register with Greek public healthcare (ΕΟΠΥΥ). Post Brexit, eligibility depends on the UKEU Withdrawal Agreement.  

Registration with Greek Social Security (ΕΦΚΑ) – If working in Greece, contributions grant access to public healthcare.  

For Non EU Citizens:

Private Health Insurance – Mandatory for residency permits (e.g., Golden Visa).  

Access to Public Healthcare (ΕΟΠΥΥ) – After legally working and paying social security (ΕΦΚΑ) for a period, or through long term residency (+ years).  

Permanent Residents – non EU citizens may join the public system by paying contributions.  

If you are not employed in Greece, you may need to voluntarily pay into the public healthcare system (OAED or EOPYY).

The cost is typically around €200–€300 per month (varies based on income and circumstances).

Pensioners from the EU can often transfer their healthcare rights via the S1 form (no extra cost).

In Greece, private health insurance without exclusions for preexisting conditions is rare and typically expensive, as most insurers either exclude such conditions, impose waiting periods, or charge significantly higher premiums. However, here’s an estimate of costs and options: 

Average Cost of Private Health Insurance (With Pre-Existing Conditions Covered) 

 Basic Coverage: €500–€2000 per year (limited coverage, possible caps). 

Finding Accommodation in Greece – Housing

Renting: The rental market in Greece is diverse, with options ranging from modern apartments in Athens to traditional villas on the islands. Rent is generally affordable, but prices can be higher in tourist areas. Leases are typically for one year, and a security deposit of one to two months’ rent is required.

Renting a one-bedroom apartment in Greece varies by location. In Athens, a one-bedroom apartment costs around €600–€900 per month, while in smaller towns, you may find rentals for as little as €300–€500 per month. If you’re applying for the Greece Golden Visa, purchasing property is necessary, and prices start at €250,000 (€500,000 in high-demand areas).

Buying: Buying property in Greece can be a good investment, especially with the Golden Visa program, which grants residency to property buyers. However, the process can be complex, involving notaries, lawyers, and various fees. It’s essential to work with a reputable real estate agent and legal advisor.

Public Transportation

Public transportation in Greece varies by region. Athens has an extensive network of buses, trams, and a metro system, while smaller towns and islands may have limited options. Ferries are a common mode of transport between the islands. While public transport is generally affordable and reliable, services may be less frequent in rural areas.

Education

Greece has both public and private schools. Public education is free, but instruction is in Greek. International and private schools, which offer instruction in English, are available in major cities but can be expensive.

For higher education, Greece has several reputable universities, many of which offer programs in English. Tuition fees are relatively low compared to North America.

Essential Information for North Americans Moving to Greece

Visas and Residency options in Greece

Moving to Greece involves several visa options, each with its own processing times, costs, and requirements. Below is a detailed breakdown of the most common visa types for relocating to Greece, including estimated timelines and fees.

Greek citizenship by descent

If you are lucky enough to have Greek close blood family relatives you may be able to apply for Greek Citizenship via descent.

You may be eligible if:

At least one parent is a Greek citizen at the time of your birth (even if they later lost citizenship).

A grandparent is/was Greek, and your parent was registered as Greek before your birth.

A great-grandparent was Greek, but you’ll need to prove an unbroken line of Greek citizenship through each generation.

Short-Stay Visa (Schengen Visa)

– Purpose: Tourism, business, or visits (up to 90 days within 180 days). 

– Processing Time: 5–15 working days (varies by consulate). 

– Cost: €80 (adults), €40 (children 6–12), free for children under 6. 

– Required Documents: 

  – Passport (valid for 3+ months beyond stay). 

  – Proof of accommodation. 

  – Travel insurance (€30,000+ coverage). 

  – Flight itinerary. 

  – Bank statements (proof of funds). 

Long-Stay National Visa (Type D)

For stays longer than 90 days (work, study, family reunification, or retirement). 

Work Visa (Employed or Self-Employed) 

– Processing Time: 1–3 months (varies by consulate and job sector). 

– Cost: 

  – Visa fee: €180 (single entry), €360 (multiple entry). 

  – Residence permit (after arrival): €150–300 (valid 1–2 years). 

– Requirements: 

  – Job offer from a Greek employer (or business plan if self-employed). 

  – Work permit (applied by employer in Greece). 

  – Proof of qualifications (if applicable). 

Student Visa 

– Processing Time: 1–2 months. 

– Cost: 

  – Visa fee: €90. 

  – Residence permit: €150 (renewable yearly). 

– Requirements: 

  – Acceptance letter from a Greek university. 

  – Proof of financial means (~€500–€700/month). 

  – Health insurance. 

Family Reunification Visa 

– Processing Time: 3–6 months. 

– Cost: 

  – Visa fee: €180. 

  – Residence permit: €150–300. 

– Requirements: 

  – Proof of family relationship (spouse/child of EU/Greek resident). 

  – Sponsor’s proof of income and housing. 

Retirement/Passive Income Visa (Financially Independent Persons) 

– Processing Time: 2–4 months. 

– Cost: 

  – Visa fee: €180. 

  – Residence permit: €1,000–2,000 (depending on duration). 

– Requirements: 

  – Proof of stable income (€2,000+/month from pensions, investments, etc.). 

  – Private health insurance. 

  – Rental agreement or property ownership. 

Golden Visa (Investor Residence Permit) 

– Purpose: Residency through real estate or business investment. 

– Processing Time: 2–6 months. 

– Cost: 

  – Minimum investment: €250,000–500,000 (real estate, depending on location). 

  – Application fee: €2,000 (main applicant) + €150–250 per family member. 

– Benefits: 

  – 5-year renewable residency. 

  – Visa-free Schengen travel. 

  – Pathway to citizenship after 7 years. 

Digital Nomad Visa (New in 2024) 

– Purpose: Remote workers earning income outside Greece. 

– Processing Time: 4–8 weeks. 

– Cost: 

  – Visa fee: €75. 

  – Residence permit: €150 (1 year). 

– Requirements: 

  – Proof of remote employment (€3,500+/month income). 

  – Health insurance. 

  – Clean criminal record. 

 General Steps After Visa Approval 

1. Register in Greece: Apply for a residence permit within 30 days of arrival. 

2. Tax Registration: Obtain a Greek Tax Number (AFM). 

3. Health Insurance: Mandatory for long-term stays (public or private). 

Tax Implications for Expatriates Moving to Greece

Relocating to Greece as an expatriate brings not only lifestyle changes but also important tax considerations. Understanding the Greek tax system and your obligations can help you plan effectively and avoid unexpected liabilities. Below are key aspects to consider:

Tax Residency Status

You are considered a Greek tax resident if:

• You reside in Greece for more than 183 days in any 12-month period, or
• Your center of vital interests (e.g., family, business, or economic interests) is in Greece.

Once classified as a tax resident, you are subject to taxation on your worldwide income.

Tax Rates

Greece has a progressive income tax system for individuals:

• Up to €10,000: 9%
• €10,001 – €20,000: 22%
• €20,001 – €30,000: 28%
• €30,001 – €40,000: 36%
• Over €40,000: 44%

Note: Social security contributions and a solidarity tax (for higher incomes) may also apply.

Special Tax Regimes for Expatriates

Greece offers tax incentives to attract foreign professionals:

• Non-Dom Regime: New tax residents working in Greece can benefit from a 50% exemption on Greek-sourced income for up to 7 years.
• Pensioners: Foreign retirees who transfer their tax residency to Greece can enjoy a flat tax rate of 7% on their foreign pension income for up to 15 years.

Double Tax Treaties

Greece has double taxation agreements (DTAs) with many countries to avoid the same income being taxed in both Greece and your home country. Check if your country has a DTA with Greece and how it applies to your specific income streams (salary, dividends, pensions, etc.).

Filing Obligations

• Greek tax returns are usually filed annually between April and June.
• Even if all your income is from abroad, you may still be required to file, especially if you are a tax resident.
• Income earned abroad may need to be declared and taxed unless exempt under a DTA or specific regime.

Property and Wealth Taxes

• Owning property in Greece subjects you to ENFIA, an annual property tax.
• There is no wealth tax, but rental income from Greek property is taxable.

VAT and Business Taxes

If you run a business or are self-employed in Greece, you’ll be subject to:

24% VAT (standard rate)

Corporate tax: 22% (for companies)

Self-employment income is also taxed progressively, with additional contributions for social security.

Do I need to stay in Greece for 183 days per year?

For most residence permits, you must stay in Greece for at least 183 days per year. However, the Greece Golden Visa does not require a minimum stay.

What are the main required documents for a residence permit?

Typical required documents include:

Passport and visa

Proof of accommodation

Proof of income or employment

Medical insurance

Criminal record certificate

Whether you’re looking for a residence permit through investment, remote work, or employment, Greece offers multiple pathways to long term residence and even citizenship. With its affordable cost of living, beautiful landscapes, and welcoming culture, Greece is an attractive destination for those looking to relocate. If you’re considering moving, be sure to research the best option for your needs and prepare the required documents in advance.

Moving to Greece offers a unique opportunity to enjoy a high quality of life in a beautiful and culturally rich environment. However, it’s essential to be prepared for the challenges, including economic instability, bureaucracy, and language barriers. By understanding the visa requirements, healthcare system, housing market, and other key aspects of life in Greece, North Americans can make a smooth transition and fully embrace the Mediterranean lifestyle.

Disclaimer: Immigration and Legal Advice

The information provided regarding visas, residency permits, and healthcare requirements for Greece is for general informational purposes only. Immigration laws, fees, and processes are subject to change without notice. Information is up to date as of 2025.

This is not legal advice. For accurate, up-to-date guidance tailored to your specific situation, consult a qualified:

Greek immigration lawyer (registered with the Greek Bar Association).

Official government sources (e.g., Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs or your local Greek consulate).

Licensed relocation expert specializing in Greek residency.